Recruiting, Selection, and Training Essay Example for Free

Enlisting, Selection, and Training Essay The organization that I looked into is WellPoint (otherwise known as Anthem Blue Cross Blue Shield). I couldn't imagine anything better than to have a situation as a Human Resource Director inside the organization. As a Human Resources proficient at WellPoint, the objective is to lead their workforce and work environment ability procedures into accomplishing the reason proclamation to change over social insurance with trusted and caring arrangements. WellPoint likewise create programs that draw in people with vision and ability to be the eventual fate of their industry. HR experts at WellPoint focus on key territories, for example, ability the executives, commitment, and Integration to augment client center and effectiveness. Examine the viability of the company’s enlisting endeavors and make proposals for development. The HR experts make some hard memories getting qualified candidates to go after specific jobs. So the primary test is getting enough individuals to apply to a specific activity. In doing so they can get ready not to think the individuals who they regard unqualified for the position. It requires a great deal of exertion to choose the candidates that really fit the bill for the activity. All associations need in any case publicizing for the position. Different assets utilized for business are worker referral, business offices, school spotters, walk-ins, and the web. To work in HR, an individual must experience a mechanical/brain research investigation. WellPoint human asset offices have their own activity examination and all human asset workers must assist troughs with foreseeing and address changing issues identified with picking up organization, and the use of representatives. The human asset experts must gauge the sum and sort of representatives the association needs, to keep the business running effectively. Consequently they should recruit somebody who is able to lead all the significant jobs as a human asset director. Human asset divisions utilize numerous inclination tests to screen possible representatives. These tests additionally decide payâ rates dependent on these tests. This is because of the nature of interest for a human asset administrator. The choice procedure takes a ton of training and includes evaluating and picking the correct up-and-comers. All choice procedures must be legitimate, in fact sound, and should precisely coord inate the individuals and aptitudes required for the position. Break down the determination procedure of the organization you looked into and make suggestions for development. Most of I/O clinicians accept that character tests are significant apparatuses for picking the correct workers. WellPoint and a few other enormous enterprises utilize these tests to gauge measurements of character and related attributes. These testing strategies are utilized to anticipate resistant practices, and expel people that may raise a ruckus or obstruction to the association. WellPoint Corporation has been devoting various measures of vitality into regions, for example, correspondence, acknowledgment, and worker maintenance. They comprehend that marking the workers doesn’t mean anything if the experience of the people doesn't coordinate. Rather they need to build up higher benefits, expanded deals, lower turnover, and remarkable client care to their individuals. Some portion of WellPoint’s pre-business testing incorporates character testing and numerical aptitudes. These tests depend on the person. A portion of these specific measures might be alluded to as pers onalities, attitudes, or attributes. Likewise estimated in that class are representative unwavering quality, meticulousness, change, reliability, and invitingness. Different character measures are centered around portraying individuals inside the standard grown-up scope of usefulness while others center around the distinguishing proof of psychopathology (Schmidt, Shaffer 2010-2011). The reasons people are given a fundamental math appraisal are to gauge the responsibility for their workers to make sense of co-pays and co-protection sums are determined effectively to the case. WellPoint has invested incalculable energy and cash in acing the specialty of representative choice, preparing, and maintenance. WellPoint has a site for intrigued possibility to apply for professions inside their association, both on the web and the corporate workplaces. During the determination procedure, applicants are solicited to take an assortment from evaluations that examine zones going from qualities, ranges of abilities, and fundamental perusing and composing tests. When an up-and-comer has been chosen and has acknowledged a proposition for employment, there are a few kinds of preparing experienced inside the organization. Decide how preparing and ability the board add to anâ effective work power of the organization you inquired about. Preparing is an arranged learning experience and it adequately gets ready specialists for their present and future employments. Preparing for human asset chiefs centers around the current occupation industry while improvement preparing sets them up for the future development. Preparing improves information and occupation aptitudes. Techniques used to gauge the accomplishment of the preparation are execution examinations. This estimates the sufficiency of the human asset supervisors. After their exhibitions are estimated their outcomes are talked about with them, and any progressions that may should be made in the preparation procedure can be handily recognized. These pre-business tests are utilized to a great extent in Human Resource and client assistance situations for center paying section level occupations. Testing is intended to foresee inclination for burglary and different types of counterproductive work conduct in work candidates. The association presently proposes quarterly preparing for representatives, and is on the way to preparing more than a large number of new individuals because of social insurance change (wellpoint.com) The entire program is fixated on tuning in to clients, and it perceives workers who go the additional mile for the sake of client care. Regularly the recently recruited employee will understanding hands on preparing, during which the individual in question will be indicated the vital strides in their relegated errands. For example, if an individual is relegated to the group and requested to process cases, the person in question will be told the best way to appropriately process the case by the coach. Different errands that the fresh recruit will be relied upon to perform, for example, enlisting wards or requesting ID cards. This preparation is done in a homeroom setting condition. Wellbeing courses and other worker instructional classes are offered occasionally. A portion of these courses are offered on the web, while others are done in instructional courses inside the structure. WellPoint corporate workers assess the effectiveness of almost every part of the preparation and execution of new representatives. Extra measures are likewise set up when a strategy or item has changed or another one has been presented. The branch of Quality Assurance administers this for their alloted locales. WellPoint takes incredible consideration in guaranteeing that their approaches are capable and items are the best quality. That is the reason there are a few divisions set up to supervise these significant parts of the companies. They incorporate Quality Assurance, Product Development, Legal, Human Resources and Information Services. Another way that WellPoint tries to improve their representative employment fulfillment is profession preparing. A largeâ majority of WellPoint corporate staff began with the organization and exploited the administration prepari ng to ascend the professional bureaucracy inside the association. WellPoint invests heavily in the preparation program that the organization offers, and this preparation is held around the world. They are among numerous organizations who has been ensured to give school credit hours to workers in the preparation programs. Human Resource administrators must be dealt with morally like their representatives; anyway there are a few situations where they are dealt with dishonestly. Human asset directors may confront issues including their representatives, advancements, pay, and partiality. Human asset administrators must be exceptionally attentive of all workers to guarantee everybody is dealt with decently. It is significant that the individuals who meet all requirements for human asset the executives are the ones employed, not the individuals who look, act, or dress in a specific way. As indicated by the EEOC, (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission), â€Å"Employers are not denied from utilizing character or uprightness tests in the work environment. In any case, the resolution is involved when: (1) a business utilizes tests to purposefully oppress minorities or (2) the tests adversy affect minorities and are not work related for the situation being referred to and reliable with business need. No cases have discovered that a businesses utilization of character testing in the working environment brought about the inconsistent treatment of secured gatherings. Be that as it may, there could be such a reason for activity if the tests were utilized purposefully to reject individuals from ensured gatherings. This would generally include proof of similar evidence that individuals from an ensured bunch were dealt with uniquely in contrast to dominant part aggregate individuals. For instance, it would clearly be unlawful for a business to test minority candidates, however not larger part applicants†. For whatever length of time that these tests are given in an expert way, it isn't illegal to do such to see whether the individual is the most ideally equipped fit for the activity. Representative choice and preparing will keep on being two of the most significant viewpoints for developing and supporting the workforce for organizations later on. Mental appraisals, for example, the ones portrayed in this paper, is one of the numerous ways that organizations can endeavor to get the most excellent individuals and not select individuals who would prefer not to be there. While there is hypothesis of the trustworthiness of utilizing these appraisal instruments for representative choice and preparing, the proof shows that it very well may be useful in centering the time and cash into specific territories or individuals to improveâ productivity inside the organization. WellPoint likewise utilizes verbal thinking, numeracy, spatial mindfulness battery test. They comprise of various

Corporate Finance Hong Kong Corporation

Question: Depict about the Corporate Finance for Hong Kong Corporation. Answer: 1(a): For this situation, Mark and Nick set up an organization. Them two are prepared to put 1000 Honk Kong Dollars in the organization. Imprint paid money to the organization while Nick doesn't have adequate money to pay. First Mark puts his cash in the organization and afterward organization gives the money to the Nick. Following are the sections of equalization sheet[1]: Asset report as at . (In Hong Kong Dollars) Non-Current Assets Credit to Nick 1000 Current Assets Money and money counterparts 1000 Current Liabilities 0 Net Current Assets 2000 Current Liabilities 0 All out resources less present liabilities 2000 Value Offer capital 2000 Stores 0 All out Equity 2000 (b) According to banks of the organization exchanged situation of the organization is powerless due to advance conceded by the organization to the part. Organization needs more money on the grounds that the organization as of now gives an advance of 1000pounds to the Nick who is the individual from the organization. Lacking money makes an obstruction in everyday business of the organization. 2: Constitution of the organization and different sources portray the obligations and obligations of chiefs towards the organization. On the off chance that an individual doesn't satisfy his obligations towards the organization, at that point such individual is subject for common and criminal procedures and excluded from the situation of the chief of the organization. Following are the general standards of the executives duties[2]: It is the obligation of the executive that chief demonstration in light of a legitimate concern for the organization. At the end of the day, executive claims an obligation of care towards the investors of the organization. Executives must do all the demonstrations which are in light of a legitimate concern for the organization. It is an obligation of the chief that they utilize their forces to serve the individuals and the organization. At the end of the day, executive must not utilize his capacity for some other reason or for his very own advantage. On the off chance that it is discovered that chiefs utilize his capacity to serve his own or for some other reason at that point impacts of his choice can be saved. This obligation of chief can be penetrated even on the off chance that when executive acted in great faith[3]. Executives must not appoint his forces to some other individual and he should take free and educated choice corresponding to any issue. It is the obligation of the executives of the organization that they practice their obligations with care, expertise and constancy. As such: It is normal from the executive of the organization that they have general information, aptitude and experience to go about as a chief of the organization. For this situation Supastore plc has assumed control over the administration of Luckless Ltd, a retail establishment arranged in London. Kevin, the previous overseeing chief of the organization routinely buy the material from the store of his old companion, in spite of the way that he could show signs of improvement bargains from different stores. He is in the feeling that his companion gives him the best arrangements. For this situation Kevin doesn't satisfy his obligations towards the organization with care and perseverance. As referenced above it is an obligation of the executive that he practices his forces just in enthusiasm of the organization and not for some other reason. This obligation is penetrated even executive acted in accordance with some basic honesty. On opposite side Jane, the chief of Luckless Ltd, designated the Luke for the arrangement of staff coming up. Jane didn't know about the way that Luke include in criminal direct for untruthfulness and Luke delegated his companions who took the material from store and pay off the Luke. For this situation chief doesn't take educated choice and doesn't practice their obligation with care and persistence. 3: Tools like separate lawful element and constrained obligation are significant for the organization. These two instruments separate the organization from different types of business. Another and separate lawful element is appears from the joining of the organization. Organization is a fake element. It has separate personality from the people who make moves to incorpoate the organization and from the individuals from the organization. Organization is definitely not a characteristic individual and arrangements of Act characterizes the demonstrations which organization can or can't do, the 2006 Act states[4]: As per Section 16(1)(2)(3)[5] of the demonstration says from the day on which authentication of fuse is gotten , all the people who become endorsers of the organization and individuals from the organization are considered as body corporate by the name notice in testament of joining. Responsibility for is isolated from the speculators of the organization. Prior business was run either by the sole brokers or organization firms. In these types of business people alone own the advantages of their business and they are by and by at risk for the obligation of the organization. There are the disadvantages of sole dealer and association: Proprietors of these types of business are by and by at risk towards the banks of the organization. Proprietors have boundless risk Speculators don't put their capitals in the business wherein they are by and by subject. Separate legitimate substance is a device which defends the speculators of the organization. Individuals from the organization are not by and by at risk towards the leasers of the organization. Banks can sue the organization for their obligations not the individuals or executives of the organization. As expressed over the proprietor of different types of business is by and by obligated for all the obligations of the business. Idea of restricted risk was acquainted with defend the financial specialists from boundless obligation of the organization. As indicated by this term individuals from the organization are at risk for just that sum which they have put resources into the organization. Segment 74(2)(d)[6] of Insolvency Act 1986 states that part is subject towards the organization restricted by shares just up to that sum which is unpaid on the portions of the organization. At the end of the day on the off chance that the portions of the organization are completely paid, at that point individuals from the organization has no risk towards the obligations of the organizations, and in the event that offers are not completely paid, at that point individuals are subject up to the measure of unpaid offers. References: Organizations Registry, ' A Guide On Directors Duties', https://www.cr.gov.hk/en/distributions/docs/director_guide-e.pdf, (got to 14 September 2016). Organizations Registry, Part 16 Non-Hong Kong Companies Division 1 Preliminary, https://www.cr.gov.hk/en/companies_ordinance/docs/part16-e.pdf, (got to 14 September 2016). Hawksford, Hong Kong Corporation A Guide for First Time Entrepreneurs, https://www.guidemehongkong.com/joining/subjects/hong-kong-company business visionaries manage, (got to 14 September 2016). Indebtedness Act 1986 s74 Legitimate Aspects of Corporate Finance, Unit 1 Incorporation and the Corporate Constitution, P 1-34. Nelson, L. C. Y. Stephanie, M. Y. W., ' test fiscal reports 2013/14',2014,https://www.nelsoncpa.com.hk/slidepdf/sfs-20140317.pdf, (got to 14 September 2016).

Whats in an App Optional Essay COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Whats in an App Optional Essay COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog As you sit staring at your computer screen, you glance at the clock, it’s almost 2:30 AM. You have just enough time to finish up your SIPA application, and get some sleep before your 9AM staff meeting. Is it really necessary to complete the optional essay? It has the word OPTIONAL in it after all. Is the option of doing it really worth an extra couple hours of sleep? Something along the lines of the hypothetical above has played out in many a SIPA Applicants mind. What is the utility of completing the Optional Essay? The answer is that the Optional Essay gives you the most optionality in furthering your SIPA application. The primary purpose is to address an aspect of your application that you feel may require a more in depth explanation. By all means, if your application is perfect, don’t waste the time of the admissions committee or yourself. Yet with the range of unique and varied applicants that SIPA attracts, there is rarely a cookie cutter story, or at least a narrative that doesn’t require a bit more depth than the standardized application essays provide. Was there a rough semester during your undergrad? Did you have a gap in your resume while you were training to climb Kilimanjaro? Was there a run-in with the authorities during that summer trip through Europe? Use the optional essay to address unique circumstances that you don’t think reflect accurately on your ability to succeed at SIPA. Nobody is perfect. SIPA students have varied life experiences, and are shaped by them all, good and bad. However, just maybe, you are perfect, or you appear to be on paper. In that case, you may use the optional essay to expand upon a unique strength that can’t be captured in other parts of the application. This could include such things as a volunteer experience, a specific honor or award, or relevant professional project. Whatever it is, it should be something that you feel especially captures the perspective you bring as a potential SIPA student, and it cant be conveyed properly through the other parts of the application. In terms of format, we don’t want to read “War and Peace. Please keep it to the 400 word limit. Additionally, applicants do not have to stick to one aspect or point, feel free to utilize a more free flowing narrative than you would for your other application essays. Style wise, certainly be straightforward and to the point, but it may be appropriate to explain what you learned from a negative experience. Perhaps there was a particular difficult or negative experience that in fact made you a stronger, resilient, and wiser SIPA applicant. We want to get to know who you are as a person, and the optional essay may be an important tool to explain aspects of your background.

The American Immigration System is Broken Essay - 923 Words

On contemporary society, immigration reform is enjoying an increasingly high voice among people. American immigration system is broken. Too many employers take advantage of the system by hiring undocumented workers which currently are estimated at 11 million. This is not good for the economy nor the country. Imaging a day without these undocumented workers in United States. No bus driver, farm worker, cooker, nurse, construction worker, waiter, house keeper, gardener or nanny can be found. Nobody drive bus, pick fruit, wash dishes, build houses, clean offices or take care of babies. It is not difficult for us to imagine that because these low skill workers have vanished. Chaos and tragedy ensue. The question about whether all nations†¦show more content†¦If the government builds a smart and effective immigration system to make these undocumented immigrants legal, they will increase the demand for local consumer goods. According to the 2010 American Community Survey, â€Å"i mmigrants earned a total of $1.1 trillion, and the Immigration Policy Center estimates that the purchasing power of Latinos and Asians, many of whom are immigrants, alone will reach $1.5 trillion and $775 billion, respectively, by 2015.† There are roughly twelve million undocumented immigrants working in the United States, they are absolutely necessary, for productivity and labor force. In addition, they created depressed wages. As are over hundreds of millions of uncollected tax revenue. For example, many unskilled undocumented immigrants whom lack of technical training are working in number of very imperative industries, such as agriculture, landscaping, hospitality, and construction. In most cases, these undocumented immigrants are paid less than the minimum wage of U.S., some of them even are actually paid nothing. What seems more exaggerated, a number of employers who hire these undocumented immigrants will place a dozen of them into a very tiny poor house. These unscrupu lous employers exploit far too many undocumented immigrants for huge immoral profits. Unlike any American citizen, the undocumented immigrants have almost no legal recourse or no courage to against these unethical employers, because they also break the law at first, and theShow MoreRelatedThe Liberal Side Of The Immigration Debate1013 Words   |  5 PagesThe liberal side of the immigration debate supports legal immigration, increasing the number of legal immigrants permitted to enter the U.S. each year, and blanket amnesty for current illegal immigrants. Liberals believe that regardless of how they came to the U.S., illegal immigrants deserve things like U.S. government financial aid for college tuition and visas for spouse/children to come to the U.S. They believe that families shouldn’t be separated and that many illegal immigrants do the jobsRead MoreThe End Of President Obama s Final Term1517 Words   |  7 Pagesin office, the candidates that are about to succeed him are faced with questions about their policies and some of those policies such as immigration apply to all of us. Immigration seems to be a sensitive topic to discuss as there are 42.2 million immigrants residing in the United States and that number sees to be growing. There are those who oppose immigration and wish to send them all back to their place of origin because they â€Å"Drain the Economy† or â€Å"Steal all the Jobs† but the truth of the matterRead MoreThe World s International Immigrants1040 Words   |  5 Pageshave been historically built on immigration, and they all have different level of education from doctors and professors to high school dropouts. People come to this country as naturalized citizens, legal permanent residents, refugees, international students, and others on long-term temporary visas, or unauthorized immigrants. . â€Å"In 2013, approximately 41.3 million immigrants lived in the United States, an all-time high for a nation historicall y built on immigration. The United States remains a popularRead MoreThe United States And The Civil Rights Movement903 Words   |  4 Pagesrights movement struck the attention of political figures that influenced calls to reform the U.S. immigration policy. In the 1920’s immigration was based on the national-origins quota system. The system assigned each nationality a quota, which restricted immigration on the basis of existing proportions of the population due to its representation in past U.S. census figures. The goal of the quota system was to maintain the existing ethnic composition of the United States. However, the Civil Rights Movement’sRead MoreImmigration Battle, Produced And Directed By Shari Robertson And Michael Camerini Essay950 Words   |  4 Pageswith undocumented parents. The documentary, Immigration Battle, explores the controversial issue of immigration. Immigration Battle takes you inside the halls of Congress to give you a perspective of the fig ht for immigration reform, the debate, the politics, and how Washington really works. PBS Frontline’s documentary, Immigration Battle, produced and directed by Shari Robertson and Michael Camerini (2015), portrays the life and death of the immigration reform bill. The film initially follows RepRead MoreImmigration Reform Should Not Be Eligible For Work Authorization863 Words   |  4 PagesThe Supreme Court will announce their decision in June 2016 on the Obama’s administration proposal regarding immigration reform actions. If passed, the actions will allow millions of undocumented immigration to be eligible for work authorization. This will also effect the implementation of the Deferred Actions for Parents of Americans, Lawful Permanent Residents, and an expansion on Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, which affects teens and young adults raised in the U.S but born outside theRead MoreThe United States Immigration Policy1596 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States immigration policy has never pleased all Americans and probably never will. Throughou t the 20th and 21st centuries, politicians have toiled continuously with the broken system. For example, Congress attempted to strengthen the western border by passing the Illegal Immigrant Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act in 1996 (Historical Overview). Although the proposed increase in Border Patrol agents seemed promising, insufficient funding kept the act from adequate enforcement (HistoricalRead MoreThe Importance of an Immigration Reform949 Words   |  4 Pagesof the free seeking a safe haven from political and religious oppression, a better economic income, and a brighter future for their loved ones. However, when they arrive they quickly notice that the â€Å"american dream† is not easy to obtain. Currently, many believe now is the time for an immigration reform. A reform to stop the separation of millions of families and help heal our economy. From its origin the United States has been called a nation of immigrants. It is a melting pot for countlessRead MoreIllegal Immigration Is It Really That Big Of A Deal?1084 Words   |  5 PagesIllegal immigration. Is it positive or negative? There are many views to this, as to any topics in its nature, but is it really that big of a deal? This paper will be introducing the pros and cons to this subject. There will also be the views politicians of the upcoming 2016 election. This will cover the views of Hillary Clinton, Donald Trump, and Bernie Sanders. What’s your view towards illegal immigration? There are many pros to this topic, such as the fact that the government would earn moreRead MoreBarack Obama s Unilateral Amnesty Program By Forbidding Department Of Homeland Security From Spending Money For Its Implementation1451 Words   |  6 Pagesaction on immigration, it is imperative for you to introduce a bill that will defund President Obama’s unilateral amnesty program by forbidding Department of Homeland Security from spending money for its implementation. Next, you should prepare an immigration bill that proposes sound actions of comprehensive immigration reform that strengthen immigration laws, improve internal enforcement, tighten border security and reduce illegal immigrants with a primary goal to protect welfare of American citizens

The Nature of Humans in Lord of the Flies by William Golding

The nature of human: are humans born good or evil? These two opposing views on human nature are two topics that Rousseau and Golding have both touched upon. While Golding believes that humans are born inherently evil, Rousseau believes the opposite: that humans are inherently good. Golding wrote the novel Lord of the Flies as a response of the novel, The Coral Island by R.M. Ballantyne because he believed that it was far-fetched. In this novel Ballantyne’s main characters are able to enjoy their time on the deserted island. My opinion on this matter leans to Rousseau’s side. I believe that people are born naturally good. Jean Jacques Rousseau was born in Geneva in 1712 and died in 1778 in France. While Golding lived through the two World Wars, Rousseau never lived through such conflict. A topic of Rousseau’s that always came up is about how humans can keep their freedom despite their dependence on one another. He believed that there were two things that had somet hing to do with this topic and that was a human’s material and psychological need and that the latter was more important. Rousseau believed that humans get their sense of self due to opinion of others. Rousseau believes that humans are inherently born good and that and that it is society’s corruption that causes humans to be evil. William Golding was born in 1911 in Cornwall, England and died in 1993. William Golding was born only three years before the start of World War I. Golding lived through both World WarsShow MoreRelatedHuman Nature in Lord of the Flies by William Golding709 Words   |  3 Pagesyou’ve helped someone in need. Many psychologists say human nature motivates this excitement within. Human nature can affect an individual by how one sees themselves, sees others, and sees society. It is our desires, reactions, needs, instincts, and goals one aims for. Human nature may guide the direction of society, for humans group together creating a desired c ultural upbringing, living among one another. In William Golding’s novel Lord of the Flies, the end of innocence has risen for some very unluckyRead MoreHuman Nature and Philosophy in Lord of the Flies by William Golding583 Words   |  2 PagesTwo philosophers of different eras tackle the same topic, human nature, and a great argument breaks out. Is man inherently evil, like William Golding believes? Or is man good at heart but inevitably becomes corrupted by the society he lives in, as said by Jean Jacques Rousseau? Both philosophers have very strong opinions and well reasoning for what they believe. Golding’s views are displayed well throughout his novel, Lord of the Flies; a tale about strong minded, young boys stranded on an islandRead More Human Nature in Lord of the Flies by William Golding Essay3078 Words   |  13 PagesLord of the Flies is an extraordinarily well-written novel that teaches one how to live life. When asked about the philosophy of the book, the author, William Golding, replied, The theme is an attempt to trace the defects of society back to the defects of human nature. The moral is that the shape of a society must depend on the ethical nature of the individual and not on any political system however apparently logical or respectful. This completely exemplifies the theme of the novel. Lord ofRead MoreHuman Nature In Lord Of The Flies By William Golding And Joseph Conrad1047 Words   |  5 Pageshistory of humankind, there is an eminent pattern of primitive and truculent behaviour. William Golding and Joseph Conrad recognised this basic nature of humanity and portrayed it in their novels, Lord of the Flies and Heart of Darkness. The environmental and circumstantial influence on one’s human nature is thought to have the greatest impact, as the isolation from civilisation manumits the evil inside. Human nature, according to the Oxford Dictionary, is â€Å"the general psychological characteristics,Read MoreEssay on Human Nature in William Golding ´s Lord of the Flies686 Words   |  3 PagesIn Lord of the Flies, a 20th century novel written by William Golding, countless issues are portrayed; however the essential nature of humankind is, perhaps, the most recurring. From the moment we meet the boys after they land on the island, it is obvious that this fundamental issue will play out through the entire length of the novel, and, as it progresses, the deeper Golding will delve into mankind’s true nature. Shown through the loss of innocence, social skills, and order, the nature of humankindRead MoreLord of the Flies by William Golding1585 Words   |  7 Pages Lord of the Flies by William Golding is a fictional novel highlighting natural characteristics of man kind. The Book was created during the post World War II period. Before creating this novel, William had experience in the navy where he learned of the nature of mankind. The introduction of the book portrays a plane crash where a large group of boys are stranded on an island. Here they grow in character and human instincts such as leadership, brutality, and survival are displayedRead MoreLord of the Flies: World War IIs Impact Essay1064 Words   |  5 PagesLord of the Flies: World War II’s Impact Lord of the Flies by William Golding was influenced strongly by his experiences as a naval officer during World War II. Golding’s wartime service gave him a darker and more realistic look on life, and contributed to the novel’s imagery. As Golding described, World War II woke him up from his falsified beliefs about human nature by showing him the true human condition (â€Å"Lord of the Flies,† Novels 175). Lord of the Flies, as Golding explained, is â€Å"an attemptRead MoreThe Prominence of Evil in Lord of the Flies, by William Golding799 Words   |  3 Pagesor bad; malicious. Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, exemplifies how everyone in society is more evil than good and how it can get the best of all. The book actively traces the problems of society back to human nature and savagery that lies within the human race. Golding shows how the lacking parental control no rules, is the downfall of their humanity in as much as they lose the characteristics soc iety and civilization gives them. Golding’s argument is that human nature can be very brutalRead MoreLord Of The Flies Pig Head Analysis1023 Words   |  5 Pages2017 The Symbolic Meaning of the Lord of the Flies â€Å"We are civilized people, which means that we are all savages at heart but observing a few amenities of civilized behaviour.† Tennessee Williams, a prize winning playwright once stated about civilized humans. In the book Lord of the Flies by William Golding this quote depicts what the book is trying to point out and display to us. The quote ties in with the pig head on a stick, otherwise known as the Lord of the Flies. The pig head was killed barbaricallyRead More Struggle Between Good and Evil in William Goldings Lord of the Flies1186 Words   |  5 PagesGood and Evil in William Goldings Lord of the Flies   Ã‚  Ã‚   Evil is not an external force controlled by the devil, but rather the potential for evil resides within each person. Man has the potential to exhibit great kindness or to rape and pillage. In the novel Lord of the Flies, William Golding deals with this evil that exists in the heart of man. With his mastery of such literary tool as structure, syntax, diction, point of view and presentation of character, Golding allows the reader

Literacy Instruction Free Essays

Language plays a critical role in literacy instruction. In fact, these two concepts are inseparable. Teaching a learner for the first time requires the use of a common language between the learner and the teacher. We will write a custom essay sample on Literacy Instruction or any similar topic only for you Order Now By sharing a common language, the two will be able to establish connection and achieve communication, thus lessening the barriers to literacy. Basic reading, for instance, requires modeling by the teacher of how the phonetic sounds of English are produced before the reader is able to decode a word. In addition, teaching reading involves communication between the teacher and the learner. In the pre-reading stage, the teacher needs to give instructions or guidance to reading, and in the post-reading stage, s/he needs to discuss with the reader regarding progress. In such cases, language is indispensable. Also, there are times when the teacher needs to explain what is being read, or determine the context for the reader to understand it better. The role of the language in facilitating learning in early childhood is very essential since â€Å"literacy skills are developed in conjunction with oral language skills.† (Shaughnessy, Sanger, Matteucci, Ritzman, 2004) In relation to this, it is the teacher’s role to gauge the learner’s oral skills at the beginning of the reading instruction. Knowing the learner’s ability for language acquisition would help the teacher â€Å"recognize indications of delays in children’s language development.† (Shaughnessy, Sanger, Matteucci, Ritzman, 2004) Likewise, this will also enable the teacher to determine whether interventions are necessary to avoid delays in literacy development. Literacy instruction for adults likewise suggests the importance of language. From giving directions to eliciting critical responses, language serves as a significant tool for acquiring and expressing ideas. Without it, other teaching tools and environment will prove useless. Literacy instruction does not end up in teaching a person how to decode or write words and symbols. The meaning of literacy has continuously evolved and so did literacy instruction. It includes not only basic reading and writing, but higher psychological processes of reading and writing. These two skills involve cognitive levels of thinking which start from the literal to the evaluative level. Reading can be characterized as a higher level of psychological process if it involves cognitive skills of identifying main ideas from minor ones, comprehending the selection, synthesizing central themes or message, analyzing truth in statements, and applying concepts to real-life situations. The last one which presents the evaluative level requires the highest psychological process. In the same way, writing also involves higher psychological process than merely identifying letters or symbols. For instance, writing an essay requires the use of the language to convey ideas in sentences, establishing coherence and unity in a paragraph, and applying past learning in writing activities. To ensure that students’ development does not stop at a certain point, teachers engaged in literacy instruction should guide students to aim for higher cognitive levels in consideration of their readiness. In his research, Morrow (1990) found that students who were provided with teacher guidance proved to display more literacy behaviors than those who were not given guidance. The same is true with adult-guided classrooms. Students tended to have more advanced literacy skills when guided closely. In both reading and writing, we see the role of critical thinking. Critical thinking is another skill involving higher psychological process. Mainly identifying ideas in a reading selection (those that answer questions like what, when, where) is not part of critical thinking. Critical thinking is present when the learners are asked to answer questions starting with â€Å"What if† or â€Å"If you were the character†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Essentially, these questions challenge the minds and response of the learners to their environment, and require the application of practical learning. In both reading and writing, critical thinking can be further enhanced through the method of collaboration in the literacy instruction. In this scenario, the learners’ role is taken to a higher level, from being passive receivers of instructions and information to being active reactors and players. â€Å"Proponents of collaborative learning claim that the active exchange of ideas within small groups not only increases interest among participants but also promotes critical thinking† (Gokhale, 1995). Collaborative learning involves the participation of students and the exchange of ideas among them. Through collaborative learning, the students’ critical thinking is enriched by their peers’ ideas and experiences, resulting in a more productive literacy instruction. Importantly, literacy instruction in the beginners’ level should involve planning by the teacher. In this stage, the teacher serves an active role in providing activities which would challenge the higher psychological processes such as reading, writing, and critical thinking. As such, the teacher should be well-informed of the learners’ background and their capabilities. However, in the pre-adult and adult levels, planning for literacy instruction should likewise involve the students. Students’ suggestions and inclinations should be taken into consideration to assure a more fitting instructional design and to achieve the goal of higher literacy. The rationale behind this is, the students will participate more if they can relate with the situation, and if their needs are addressed well for it is best to start with what they are prepared and interested in. Similarly, the teacher’s guidance in the learning process is valuable to produce the best results. Indeed, in every literacy instruction, working hand in hand with the learners is recommended. References Gokhale, A. (1995). Collaborative learning enhances critical thinking. Journal of Technology Education vol. 7, no.1. Retrieved December 11, 2007, from http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/jte-v7n1/gokhale.jte-v7n1.html Shaughnessy, A., Sanger, D. Matteucci, C., Ritzman, M. (2004, Feb. 3). Early childhood language and literacy: Survey explores kindergarten teacher’s perceptions. The ASHA Leader, pp. 2, 18. Retrieved December 11, 2007, from http://www.asha.org/about/publications/leader-online/archives/2004/040203/040203c.htm ; How to cite Literacy Instruction, Essay examples

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) What are They and Why Do We Need Them - The Writers For Hire

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOPS): WHAT ARE THEY AND WHY DO WE NEED THEM? Just about any business that relies on procedures being done the same way, by different employees, can benefit from having well written SOPs. Companies or organizations that must ensure customer safety are fairly obvious examples of the need for standard operating procedures. Health care organizations, automobile manufacturers, and government entities like the FDA and FAA could not safely function without precise procedures in place. But, what about a company whose mission is a little less life-or-death than the examples above? Those companies can benefit, too. Have you ever been in line at a retail store when the cashier does not know how to process a return and issue a refund? Think about the inefficiency and potential for chaos that might exist without a consistent method for product returns. This is where an SOP can save the day. The employees were likely trained on how to process returns, but without standard operating procedures to remove ambiguity, you are at the mercy of the cashier’s memory of that particular training session. What Are Standard Operating Procedures? Basically, SOPs are step-by-step directions that guide employees through a specific process. By adhering to the procedure, employees’ work products are reliably consistent. The IBM Knowledge Center identifies an SOP this way: â€Å"A standard operating procedure is a set of instructions that describes all the relevant steps and activities of a process or procedure. Standard operating procedures are essential to an organization to deliver consistent, measured, high-quality responses to complex and unpredictable events.† The National Institutes of Health’s US National Library of Medicine references the â€Å"Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle† for effective SOPs. This flowchart demonstrates the steps you can take when creating your own procedures. Leave Nothing to Chance SOPs spell it out without ambiguity, and take out the guesswork to reduce the risk of human error. And, if they are written with input from people who actually perform that particular task, they become a practical guide for everyone to follow. The Penn State Extension, part of the College of Agricultural Sciences, gives this example of SOPs for a dairy farm. The step-by-step instructions, shown in a graphical format, clearly explain how to correctly feed the cows. This is the level of detail you need to be effective. Types of SOPs Different industries need different types of procedures. What works for the retail store is probably irrelevant to what a pharmacy needs to keep things running safely and efficiently. Here are some of the various types of SOPs that may benefit your company: How Your Company Can Benefit from SOPs 1. Save time and money It’s simple: SOPs create efficiency because employees don’t have to re-do mistakes. Established procedures take the questions out of the situation, and spell it out, plainly and clearly. The result is a much higher likelihood of employees doing it right the first time. 2. Create Consistency/Quality Control In any sort of mass-production operation, consistency and quality control can mean the difference in producing products that work, and producing products that don’t work. Products can’t be a little different each time; they each need to be the same, every time. 3. Create a safer workplace Employees need to know that their daily work will not put their health or life in danger. Safety SOPs should include a discussion of the risks of a particular task, what measures employees should take to minimize those risks, and what to do if an injury occurs. A scientific laboratory is a great example of a workplace where safety is paramount.   The Stanford University Office of Environmental Health and Safety offers guidance for protecting workers in a lab environment. Check out their General Use SOP for Carcinogens to see an actual document that works. 4. Simplify training for employees New-employee training will run much more smoothly if each manager refers to the same source. Rather than managers simply telling new hires how to do something, they can refer to the written SOP for that task. Not only will that ensure managers teach the task the same way, each time, but it gives the employee confidence in their job by having something to refer back to, after training is complete. 5. Protect company standards into the future Every office has an employee who is known as the expert on how things work. Certain people just know the way things are done, and have the experience to help others who may be learning the task for the first time. Resist the temptation to rely on that employee to keep everyone on the same page. That reliance may keep things running efficiently for a while, but what happens if that employee leaves the company? Without written SOPs, all of that knowledge exits the building with them. 6. Help with employee performance assessment When it’s time for performance reviews, a clearly defined SOP can be a valuable assessment tool. Written standards give employees something to work toward, and give managers a way to fairly conduct evaluations. Without something concrete, evaluations become less quantifiable and rely more on the manager’s opinion, which is likely biased. In the Houston Chronicle’s article â€Å"Standardization for Increased Productivity Efficiency,† journalist Morgan Rush discusses how SOPs can assist with this process: â€Å"Once standards have been set for low, average and high performance, employees can be evaluated for their adherence to these standards. Identifying a consistent low performer may not necessarily be cause for penalties, but you may direct additional training and resources the employee to help boost productivity.† 7. Provide a basis for company expansion If your company is looking to expand to an additional location, open a new branch, etc., SOPs are critical to making sure that each location does things the same way. Whatever your operational procedures are, each employee should have a written standard that is the same across the entire company. Creating procedures also allows you to compare productivity between locations. Let’s Debunk a Common Myth: SOPs will NOT eliminate creativity in the workplace Consultant Brad Power, in an article for Harvard Business Review , says â€Å"Most people think standard operating procedures are a strait jacket that limits their flexibility. Yet in our increasingly complex world of work, with so many possible decisions and steps, clever use of standards can liberate.† He gives an example from the Cleveland Clinic marketing department. Because the hospital has a single marketing communications team that works across all medical service lines, they needed to create an overarching brand identity. Employees within the various departments feared that would restrict their ability to creatively market their individual service. What they found was that it actually gave them more freedom. Chief Marketing Officer for the Cleveland Clinic, Paul Matsen, said â€Å"it actually creates freedom within a structure. For example, we are building a development platform for the iPad, and defining how it will interact with our electronic medical record system. When we resolve that for this first application, then our people will be able to create content for other applications using the same standard platform. Once you set up the standards and platforms, you can do more, and you can do it well.† By creating a procedure to ensure operational consistency, Cleveland Clinic knew that everyone would start from the same platform, and that it was one that worked. From there, employees were given freedom to come up with creative solutions that met their particular customer needs. Management had the assurance that the iPad platform would stay consistent across applications, and employees had some autonomy and creative license. It was a win for all involved. Get Started†¦But Do it Right When you determine your company can benefit from uniform procedures, how do you write them? It’s critically important to understand that if the SOPs are not well written, they may be more harmful than not having them at all. Just like making any sort of corporate change, using new SOPs will take time to learn and to put into practice. If done correctly, it will be well worth it down the road. There Will Be Growing Pains While the benefits will ultimately outweigh the costs, companies will likely experience some initial setbacks when implementing new SOPs. The expenses of dedicating employee time to create the procedures, and the potential for a decline in productivity as employees re-learn how to do things are common challenges. Don’t let them deter you. And, remember that even the best procedures need to evolve and grow with the company. Don’t be afraid of re-visiting the documents periodically to determine if they are still working. If you identify problems, it’s time to revise your SOPs.

Eusmilus - Facts and Figures

Eusmilus - Facts and Figures Name: Eusmilus (Greek for early saber); pronounced you-SMILE-us Habitat: Plains of North America and western Europe Historical Epoch: Early Oligocene (30 million years ago) Size and Weight: About six feet long and 200-300 pounds Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Six-inch-long canines; weak jaw muscles About Eusmilus Even though its technically classified as a false saber-toothed cat, Eusmilus had truly gigantic canines for its size, which at six inches or so were almost as long as its entire skull (when they werent in use, this cat kept its big teeth cozy and warm in specially adapted pouches on its lower jaw, a trait it shared with the distantly related Thylacosmilus). However, Eusmilus also had comparatively weak jaw muscleswith its huge canines, it didnt need to inflict a powerful biteand it was strangely lacking in supplementary teeth, sporting a relatively paltry two dozen or so. What this indicates is that Eusmilus hunted in traditional saber-tooth style, lying in wait in the low branches of trees, jumping and digging its lethal canines into unsuspecting prey, and then idling its time as its dinner bled to death. Technically, Eusmilus is classified as a nimravid cat, meaning it was closely related to the contemporary Nimravuswith which it competed for prey in early Oligocene Europe and North America, along with yet a third nimravid, Hoplophoneus. In case youre wondering how all of these big-toothed cats could have hunted for megafauna mammals without getting in each others way, the fact is that they didnt: one Nimravus skull bears tooth marks that exactly match the size and shape of Eusmilus canines (however, this particular individual healed from its wounds and lived to hunt another day). We even have evidence for cannibalism, or at least intra-species combat, among saber-toothed cats: another identified Nimravus skull is embedded with the canines of a fellow pack member!

Spanish Verbs Oír and Escuchar

Spanish Verbs Oà ­r and Escuchar The differences between oà ­r and escuchar are essentially the same as the differences between to hear and to listen to. While there is some overlap in how the verbs are used, oà ­r generally refers to the simple act of hearing, and escuchar involves the listeners response to what is heard. Using Or Some typical uses of oà ­r as referring to the sensory act of hearing: No puedo oà ­r a nadie con mi nuevo telà ©fono. (I cant hear anybody with my brand-new telephone.)Cuando era pequeà ±a oà ­ la expresià ³n muchas veces. (When I was little I heard the expression often.) ¿Dà ³nde has estado encerrado si no has oà ­do estas canciones? (Where have you been penned up if you havent heard these songs?)Finalmente, oiremos el Concierto para piano no. 21 en do mayor. (Finally, we will hear the Concerto for Piano No. 21 in C Major.) It is common to use oà ­r when referring to activities such as listening to the radio or attending a concert, although escuchar can also be used: Yo oà ­a la radio antes de irme a la cama. (I was listening to the radio before going to bed.)Compramos boletos y fuimos a oà ­r un concierto de jazz. (We bought tickets and went to a jazz concert.) The imperative forms oye, oiga, oà ­d (rare in Latin America), and oigan are sometimes used to call attention to what youre saying. Translations vary with the context. Pues oye  ¿que quieres que te diga? (Well then, what do you want me to tell you?)Oiga, creo no es una buena idea. (Hey, I dont think its a good idea.) Using Escuchar Like listen, escuchar carries the idea of paying attention or of heeding advice. Note that escuchar is not typically followed by a preposition in the way that listen is nearly always followed by to. The exception is that when listening to a person the personal a is used. Escucharon el ruido de un avià ³n. (They heard the noise of an airplane.)Mis padres escuchaban mucho a Gipsy Kings. (My parents listened a lot to the Gipsy Kings.)Debes escuchar a tus clientes con ms atencià ³n. (You should listen more attentively to your customers.)Todos escuchamos el consejo que le da a Miguel. (We all listened to the advice that he gave to Miguel.)Te recomiendo que te escuches la entrevista completa. (I recommend that you listen to the complete interview.)Escuchà © a mi profesora de yoga y entendà ­ lo que me querà ­a decir. (I listened to my yoga professor and understood what she wanted to tell me.) The reflexive form, escuchar, is often used to indicate that something was or is heard. La voz del hombre se escuchaba ms fuerte y clara. (The voice of the man was heard loud and clear.)Ahora Spotify te dir quà © mà ºsica se escucha en otros paà ­ses. (Now Spotify will tell you what music is heard in other countries.) There are a few situations in which either oà ­r or escuchar can be used with little difference in meaning. Primarily, either can be used when hearing or listening to requests: Oyà ³/escuchà ³ las sà ºplicas de su amigo. (She heard/listened to the pleas of her friend.) Related Words Nouns related to oà ­r include el oà ­do, the sense of hearing, and la oà ­da, the act of hearing. Oà ­ble is an adjective meaning audible. In some regions, un escucho is a secret conveyed by a whisper, while escuchà ³n is an adjective referring to someone who is overly curious about what other people are saying. Conjugation The conjugation of oà ­r is highly irregular in spelling and pronunciation. Escuchar is conjugated regularly, following the pattern of hablar and other regular -ar verbs. Etymology Oà ­r comes from the Latin audire and is related to words such as oyez (a word used in courts to gain attention), audio and audience. It may be distantly related to hear, possibly coming from same Indo-European root. Escuchar comes from the Latin verb auscultare. It is related to the English verb to auscultate, a medical term for using a stethoscope to listen to the internal sounds of the body.

The Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals - Essay Example 34). To the extent that drugs are used to treat individuals to get better, it would contradict the health practitioners’ code of ethics to prepare the individual for death. Further, this case is strengthened by the reality a case for execution cannot be substantiated after realization of insanity while in prison. The initial crime committed by Singleton is supposed to take charge in this case and he should be given the antipsychotic drugs ready for execution. The essential claim premise would dictate that the claims of such an argument be supported by a plausible claim within the rubric of written laws. The claim made on the execution of Singleton is strictly supported by the written laws in the constitution (LaFave, & LaFave, 2006, p. 91). Given the fact that he committed the crime insane conditions, he is presumed to have had full knowledge of the implications of his actions at the time. In this perspective, a case for insanity that happened thereafter cannot be used to reverse a stipulated law to relinquish the previous charges. Singleton should be restored to his sane sense to realize the events of the proceedings to his execution. From the fact that the law recognizes equity to all citizens, pardoning Singleton overruns the rights of the innocent individual whose life was cut short by S ingleton’s action. Actually, Singleton did not consider his actions even when he was sane, and a medical antipsychotic would only restore his senses to understand the charges as he faces the consequences of his actions. An objection to the above argument would be based on the health practitioner’s duty to protect life. Given that the intentions of any actions dictate whether the deed is good or bad, it would be plausible to assume that treating Singleton with the intention of execution after recovery is bad. Medicine should be administered with the sole intentions of getting individuals better and relieving them of pain to realize better lives. Further, it is

The Metamorphosis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Metamorphosis Paper - Essay Example Right at the beginning of the story, prior to his physical metamorphosis, Gregor already appears to be alienated in some way. This initial suggestion of alienation surrounds his external environment; his work, social life and to some extent, his family. He reflects over the monotony of his life in terms of his job, a monotony he endures due to the pressure of having to support his family financially. He appears to have no friends or social life to speak of, and his family seem to take his support for granted. Even the duty of caring for his family seems to be something strange to him, as he hardly realizes it when he loses this duty by the end. After establishing Gregors alienation from his societal environment and duties, we begin to see the process of deeper alienation from his family, his immediate environment, his emotions and his body. When he wakes to find his body changed, he is so disconnected from it he hides away from those closest to him. As his family become aware of the situation, they cease speaking to him altogether, eventually determining that the animal they see before them is not Gregor, â€Å"You must just try to get rid of the idea that this is Gregor. The fact that we’ve believed it for so long is the root of all our trouble†, (Kafka part 3). After the metamorphosis Gregor undergoes total alienation from his house and environment. Symbolic of this, Gregor cannot even view his street through the window and hence he slowly becomes a foreigner in his own family and home, without a productive role to play, as his family treat him with neglect and revulsion, as suggested by Kafka (1). The metamorphosis Gregor undergoes, changes him from an active social being to a useless and non active person within his family and society. More importantly, it represents a physical manifestation of the alienation process he has

Cracks Detection using Digital Image Processing

Cracks Detection using Digital Image Processing Cracks detection using digital image processing   in MATLAB Usually visual investigation methods have been used for inspection and monitoring of concrete infrastructures. Huge and tall structure such as cables bridges, high rising towers, dams and industrial power plant are known to have an inaccessible area and limitations in inspection field due to its geometry structure which is often dangerous , labor -intensive and involves lot of risks. So, with rapid development in technology and its uses, researcher   are trying to overcome these problem. Every now and then some research is going regarding these problem and trying to overcome it. So, I also have come with the idea of using digital Image processing   in mat lab to detect the cracks in such structure. Literature   Review:- As   of todays world, digital Image processing is getting better and better   and used in all areas of science. With   the help of digital image processing tools, various image processing can be applied to detects the cracks in structure. Not only in structures but also for   bridges, towers, power plant and also in structure   like steel ,roads, fatigues and sewer pipes. A number of research studies have been conducted regarding   detection of cracks by using Digital   image processing .(1)The author of Korea Institute   combines UAV technology in the process of recent breakthroughs and digital image analysis techniques   to detect cracks in structure. In this study, the crack detection program with digital image analysis techniques was developed in order to the crack and width of the structure automatically. The developed program attempted to perform the image analysis for crack detection with Morphology method based morphological hydraulics and specially designed Morphological link for crack(Morph link-C)algorithm for S/W development was applied to the program. The digital image was acquired in order to evaluate UAV applicability and performance and field application of the crack detecting program after targeting the bridges in common use. Comparing with the measured values in order to verify reliability of the new structural inspecting system for application in this study, it is verified that the accuracy above a certain level is secured. Also, The below three core technologies shall be considered to develop the technology possible to detect cracks and calculate crack width of large structure through the digital image analysis and to put this technology to practical use. Optimal digital image acquisition and filming equipment configuration Crack analysis technique of a number of mass digital images Combining technique of multiple images that different positions are captured And also the author from china(2)  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   proposed   inspection system for measuring cracks in concrete structure and providing objective crack data to be used in safety assessment. The system consists of the mobile robot system and crack detecting system. The mobile robot system is controlled to keep a constant distance from the wall to acquire image data with a CCD camera on scanning along the wall. The crack detecting system extracts crack information from the acquired image using image processing. To improve accuracy of crack recognition, the geometric properties and patterns of cracks in a structure were applied to image processing. Also,   an inspection system using an image process, which can be a solution to the problems of crack detection in concrete structure, slow rate, subjectivity, and the inefficiency in managing data. Also, the system ensures the validity and possibility based on the experiment in the indoor structure, road tunnel, and subway tunnel. However, an erroneous recognition of a crack as non-crack and vice versa prevails. Therefore, the system is semi automated to get rid of wrong recognition of non crack as crack, and to identify crack by a graph search method using the user-based input of the start point and end-point of crack. In order for a crack inspection system to develop into an expert system, there needs to be further study of the characteristics of cracks and the algorithm must move towards complete automation. Similarly,(3) The Komatsu Engineering Company has developed and commercialized an image acquisition system that can acquire the images of road and tunnel lining by using a laser-scanning device .(4) The Railway Technical Research Institute in Japan developed an image acquisition system of railway tunnel lining by using line CCD cameras. (5)Road ware Group Inc., Canada commercialized a system that acquires an image of the road with a CCD camera, an ultrasonic sensor, and a gyro-sensor with a speed of80km/h and a resolution of 3~4cm [7]. Those systems are useful to collect data of cracks, leakage, scale, and spall but only by using the image acquisition, and not through automatic defect detection. The algorithm for crack detection and measurement is required for fully automatic inspection system. It is necessary, therefore, to develop the automatic crack detection and measurement algorithm to obtain both fast inspection and objective crack data. From the author of University of central Florida , paper describes the mechanism of non-destructive bridge inspection methods using HRDI and HDV digital crack detection and IR thermograph   technology and the benefits of the combination thereof. The feasibility of applying these technologies for in-service bridge inspections are demonstrated and evaluated in the State of Florida under  the university-government-industry collaboration research program. The purpose of the joint research effort is to utilize the innovative technology for more efficient bridge inspection programs and bridge management in Florida by developing a new quantitative performance measure for long term bridge monitoring, such as crack ratio and delaminated area, and the use of objective data resulting in more efficient and scientific bridge inspection database and management system. With the quantity of roadway structure assets increasing annually, coupled with concurrent increasing rates of deteriorati on being experienced by many of the existing structures, bridge owners need to find new and creative ways to ensure the structural safety of their bridges while they all too often face problems of reduced budgets and dedicated bridge inspection resources. Currently, the determination of bridge condition ratings in  many countries is generally subjective depending on individual inspectors knowledge and experience, as well as varying field conditions. For the evaluation and documentation of concrete deterioration (cracks, efflorescence, delaminating, spalls, etc.) and changes overtime, the current practice of visual inspections can be lacking in accuracy and completeness, as well as time consuming and costly if road closures and access equipment  are required for the inspection. Using the proposed new non-destructive technologies, bridge engineers can quickly and efficiently obtain objective current bridge condition information that has traditionally been obtained by more time con suming and more subjective close-up visual inspections and sounding tests. The digital output of these NDE inspection techniques improves on-site inspection safety and objectivity and contributes to improved inspector efficiency by significantly reducing the amount of inspection time in the field. However, it must be noted that while most of the NDE or sensor technologies do offer new efficiencies and/or additional objective assessment results to the bridge inspection process, they are not a substitute for inspectors conducting on-site specific follow-up and detailed structure investigations. While improved efficiencies in bridge inspection methods resulting from the application of the above NDE technologies bring significant benefits to the overall bridge inspection process, they are not a substitute for the continued need for sound and experienced engineering judgment. The authors believe that by offering new and improved inspection technologies to experienced bridge engineers and inspectors, bridge inspection programs will be strengthened through enhanced inspection data and will be more objective, consistent, scientific, and efficient. Based on the nature of calculation   and development of technology approach to process image, Image Processing Technique for crack detection can be divided into several categories. Each image consists of pixel which are represented by its integer values from 0 to 255. Based on these pixel values Operation technique conducted is accomplished in the spatial domain. However , desirable outcome cannot be obtained in spatial domain. So in this case ,usually Fourier or wavelet transformation is performed on the image. Again, the outcome image is processed in frequency domain. After wise, to reconstruct the image in spatial domain   an inverse transformation is applied. Another procedure to detect cracks using image is based on the training algorithm to solve a problem. In this process ,some technique directly deal with image without any training while other first construct   a database which is divided into two subsets, the subset with crack image and subset with un-cracked images. For each subset ,a decision line is defined to represent the characteristics index, such as shape factor. With the help of these image , a program is used which is capable of comparing new images with decision line and assign it to the subset where it belongs. Especially Neural network and clustering   method are widely used among the popular training techniques to learn the decision line. Basically, two approaches have been applied to detect cracks from the images.   Using dye solution and the other is without using dye solution to the surface material. Usually ,In this dye based detection process, a particular dye solution such as fluorescent is injected on the surface of concrete or other material. Depending on the solution type   and color special or ordinary cameras are used to scan the surface of the material. These dye based method were used in past for detection of mini or micro cracks in different types of material like concrete ,ceramics tiles etc and also any kind of structure. The other approach for finding crack   is based on the color image without using dye solution. Since these method is less costly and less time consuming it is currently more popular. A number of research studies have been conducted regarding the surface   crack detection technique in different material. One of these attempts can be seen in work of Kittler at al. They proposed an idea of training based algorithm to get samples of the region, which are void of defects in the spatial domain. In this process, the new pictures were analyzed for the presence of any defects and also to find the location of the defects. In this method, clustering technique and morphological operation were performed to analyze the images. The experimental output of this method is shown in the figure below.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Figure . Crack detection on ceramic tiles (Kittler, Marik, et al. 1994) Image processing technique has been used for inspection of cement based materials for micro cracks and other micro defects (Ammouchea at al 2000). In this process, a red dye solution is used with the surface. So the dye solution can penetrate the porous region of the surface while the excessive solution are   removed by polishing the sample surface. Once the dye solution is injected, a color image of 256 x 265 was taken from camera of the surface. The following operation is carried out on the taken image. O(x,y) = max { R(x,y)0 G(x,y) } Where, O(x,y) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Intensity of the output gray level image at (x,y) co-ordinates R(x,y) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Intensity of the original image at (x,y) co-ordinate in red region. G(x,y) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Intensity of the original image at (x,y) co-ordinate in gray region. Afterward, using a thresholding value, the gray level   image is converted to the binary image. Then, using entropy maximization method value of the thresholding is evaluated. This method is based on maximization of the entropy function à ¡Ã‚ ´Ã¢â‚¬Å" of gray level pixel. à ¡Ã‚ ´Ã¢â‚¬Å"(k)=   [  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   ] where, Pà ¡Ã‚ µÃ‚ ¢ is the probability of a given pixel to have an intensity of i (Pà ¡Ã‚ µÃ‚ ¢=Nà ¡Ã‚ µÃ‚ ¢/N)   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Ni Number of pixel having i intensity   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   N Total no of pixel   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Wà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ W1 Lower and upper bound of the probability to find pixel intensity And also computed as:-   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   k Based on the threshold to obtain binary image, a lower bound thresholding operation is performed. Then , using two morphological operations of eroding and rebuilding the binary image is post processed. This operation is conducted to eliminate noisy and small objects (i.e. Less than 10 pixel) from the image. However, second series of operation are needed to obtain the shape factors which are used to decide whether the pixels in a binary image are associated with cracks or other defects. To do so, a dimensionless packing density index Fc is defined. Fc = (2-4) Where, Aab=Object area Aac= Area of its circumscribed circle The value of Fc is equal to 1 for a circle and tends towards 0 for a very elongated object.Fig below shows results obtained in this method Fig. Also, Abdel-Ghader (_Abdel,Osama and kelly 2003) proposed an idea to find cracks on concrete surface using image processing technique .In this work, they implemented   and compared 4 cracks detection method   which include Fast   Haar Transform( FHT), Fast Fourier Transform( FFT),Sobel edge detector   and canny edge detection. They used 50   concrete image from a bridge deck of which 25 pictures with cracks and 25 pictures without cracks for   their research .From their research ,they concluded that FHT was more efficient and effective method rather than other 3 method. Basically, FHT, a simplified   Wavelet transformation decomposes the image into low and high frequency components, the mother Wavelet à ¡Ã‚ ´Ã‚ ª(t) of Haar function and scaling à ¡Ã‚ ´Ã¢â‚¬Å"(t) are defined as: à ¡Ã‚ ´Ã‚ ª(t) =   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Relationship between Haar wavelet and scaling function and scaling function with itself is shown below   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   à ¡Ã‚ ´Ã‚ ª(t)=)   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   (t)=) In this process, to detect crack the three quadrants of the first level transformation i.e. 2,34 are passed through a high pass filter to reduce nose and   combined together to get magnitude of images. To decide whether crack exists or not, an empirical thresholding value is used. Fast   Fourier transfer motion (FFT) are used to derive the frequency component of the image intensity. The transformation and   the inverse transformation were carried out using: F(u, v)= F(x, y)= The canny edge detection is a convolution filter to detect filter noise from the image while processing. In addition, thresholding value is defined to see if a pixel belongs to an edge region or not. The   Sobel edge detection is also a convolution filter defined for vertical and horizontal edges in images. This edge detection technique helps to detect the change in the image intensity in neighboring pixels. Filtering was done using convolution operation for each filter separated. Then, two filtered images is combined together at each location and result is a gray level image with enhanced edges. G x =   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   G y= Default value of thresholding is defined as  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   where Another attempt to detect cracks in concrete specimen using optical fluorescent microscopy can be found in   this research( Litorowicz   2006). To continue these processes, a fluorescent dye solution   was used. The specimens were then light using Nikon optical microscope at a magnification of 10 times. The images were captured using a Sony DXC 350 P video camera. Then, image pro Plus analysis software was introduced to perform the image processing operation. Then, using segmentation method, the RGB images is connected into a binary image. The threshold level was calculated based on the effect of the dye solution to the surface. To distinguish cracks pattern, several parameters were introduced: Angle between the vertical axis and the major axis of the ellipse covering   the connected component Area of each connected component Dendritic   length, which is the total length of all the one-pixel thick branches.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   4. Area ratio (i.e. of the area of the counted object and the entire area of the active image.)   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   5.Radius ratio (i.e. The ratio of maximum radius and minimum radius for each connected component)   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   6. Roundness using perimeter 2/4à Ã¢â€š ¬2 x Area. Intelligent crack detection on the concrete crack image using neural network was proposed in Moon and Kim paper (2011). This research was conducted to develop an automatic detection system that analyze the concrete surface and visualize the crack more effectively and efficiently. Basically this research consists of two parts: Image processing and image classification. First stage include image processing tools like filtering, subtraction and morphological operation in order to extract cracks from the background image (i.e. data such as the number of pixel and the ratio of major axis to minor axis for pixel area. While in second step, existences of cracks are identified using neural network to automate the image classification. In this process, 105 images (cracked and non-cracked) of concrete were used as a trained image including every kind of cracks. Following steps were carried out for image processing : Fig. Image processing steps   to detect cracks First step in image processing is to convert RGB image into gray level intensity image followed by a subtraction transformation as follows: à °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ ¼Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚  (à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¥Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ- ) = à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ… ¡Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ… ½Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¥ {à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ… ¡Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ-à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ… ½Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ ºÃƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¥Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ-à °Ã‚ Ã…“-à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ- [à °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ ¼(à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¥Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ- ) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ à °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ ¼(à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¥Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ- )], 0} Where ,I(xi)   and I(xj) are   the intensity pixel of xi and X j respectively.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Ri Neighborhood of that pixel xà ¡Ã‚ µÃ‚ ¢ . When the subtraction is negative number, it is represented as zero. Once improved subtraction method is used, threshold value is defined to detect cracks more effectively. The thresholding operation is given as: à °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ ¼Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ ¼Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚  (à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¥, à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¦) = {2 ÃÆ'- à °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ ¼Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚  (à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¥, à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¦) à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ-à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬Å" à °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ ¼Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚   > à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ ¡   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   à °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ ¼Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚  (à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¥, à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¦)  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ-à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬Å" à °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ ¼Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚   à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ ¡ To further smooth the image, a Gaussian law pass filter was applied. Then, an input gray level image is converted to a binary image where the values are represented as 0 or 1. Using Otsus   method or valley emphasis method, the threshold value was selected. Morphological image processing including closing and   labeling were applied to the image to extract image component such as shape of crack. The optimal parameters and their level associated with above operation are   mentioned below:   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Fig. Parameters and their levels Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) crack images were distinguished from non-cracked images. Also images were automatically identified as the crack or non-cracked images using ANN. The output value was represented either cracked (value 1) or non-cracked (value 2). Another example of tracing based image processing technique can be found on Nishikawa research paper (2012). A robust automated image processing method was applied to crack detection on concrete surface. This method consists of two parts: First part consists of automatic construction of a filter for crack detection while the other part consists of noise removal and determination of indistinct cracks using iterative process. Using generic algorithm the part is conducted, where genetic individuals was represented as a tree structure. Using a trained   program, a large number of images were combined and several images filtered were converted into a tree structure. An illustration of tree structure concept is shown below.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Fig. Construction of Tree structure   with multiple filters(Aoki and Nagao 1999) A combination of generic program was computed to train the program and results were compared to the target image (i.e. image generated by visual inspection. The comparison was between the distinct distributions of brightness between the images. To measure the filter performance the following formula was used. E= Where,    N- No of training images in database K-th target image -Output image -weighted image . -   Brightness of the weighted image in crack region )- brightness of k-th target image at position (i,j) To reduce the false negative result, a superimposition operation using low resolution image was implemented. Figure below shows the algorithm used in above algorithm. { algorithm}

Government Essay

Should wealthy nations be required to share their wealth among poorer nations by providing such things as food and education? Or is it the responsibility of the governments of poorer nations to look after their citizens themselves? What should a government do for a country to become successful? Should money be spent on space exploration? Should rich countries forgive all debts for poor countries? Does foreign aid help donor countries more than the recipients? Should rich countries pay more for environmental damage? Most high level jobs are done by men. Should the government encourage a certain percentage of these jobs to be reserved for women? Should developing countries concentrate on improving industrial skills or should they promote education first? Safety standards are important when building people’s homes. Who should be responsible for enforcing strict building codes – the government or the people who build the homes? Discuss the advantage and disadvantage of giving international aid to poor countries. Should criminals be punished with lengthy jail terms or re-educated and rehabilitated using community service programs for instance, before being reintroduced to society? In most countries disabled people are not catered for adequately, e.g. buildings are often inappropriately designed. Governments rely too heavily on charities and voluntary organizations to provide assistance and funding. What further measures could be taken to assist disabled people? In your opinion should government intervene in the rights of the individual with regard to family planning? The best way to reduce the number of traffic accidents is to make all young drivers complete a safe driving education course before being licensed to drive. Nowadays doctors can become very rich. Maybe they should not focus on profitable activities such as plastic surgery or looking after rich patients and concentrate more on patients health, no matter how rich they are? Does travel help to promote understanding and communication between countries? In your opinion what factors contribute to a good movie? Are famous people treated unfairly by the media ? Should they be given more privacy, or is the price of their fame an invasion into their private lives? Is animal testing necessary? Some businesses now say that no one can smoke cigarettes in any of their offices. Some governments have banned smoking in all public places. Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons. To what extent is the use of animals in scientific research acceptable? Human beings do not need to eat meat in order to maintain good health because they can get all their food needs from meatless products and meatless substances. A vegetarian diet is as healthy as a diet containing meat. Argue for or against the opinion above. Forests are the lungs of the earth. Destruction of the world’s forests amounts to death of the world we currently know. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Are our zoos cruel to wild animals? Discuss. Zoos are sometimes seen as necessary but not poor alternatives to a natural environment. Discuss some of the arguments for and/or against keeping animals in zoos. To what extent will migration from the developing world to the developed world become a social and political issue in the 21st century? In Britain, when someone gets old, they often go to live in a home with other old people where there are nurses to look after them. Sometimes the government has to pay for this care. Who should be responsible for our old people? Give reasons. The first car appeared on British roads in 1888. By the year 2000 there may be as many as 29 million vehicles on British roads. Alternative forms of transport should be encouraged and international laws introduced to control car ownership and use. What do you think? The best way to reduce the number of traffic accidents is to make all young drivers complete a safe driving education course before being licensed to drive. News editors decide what to broadcast on TV and what to print in newspapers. What factors do you think influence their decisions? Have we become used to bad news? Would it be better if more good news was reported? TV: could you be without it? Discuss. To what extent will migration from the developing world to the developed world become a social and political issue in the 21st century? The mass media, including TV, radio and newspapers, have great influence in shaping people’s ideas. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give reasons for your answer. Tourism is becoming increasingly important as a source of revenue to many countries but its disadvantages should not be overlooked. What are some of the problems of tourism? The mass media, including TV, radio and newspapers, have great influence in shaping people’s ideas. To what extent do you agree or disagree this statement? Give reasons for your answer Does modern technology make life more convenient, or was life better when technology was simpler? Will modern technology, such as the internet ever replace the book or the written word as the main source of information? We are becoming increasingly dependent on computers. They are used in businesses, hospitals, crime detection and even to fly planes. What things will they be used for in future?.Is this dependence on computers a good thing or should we be more suspicious of their benefits?Use specific details and examples in your answer. In what ways has information technology changed work and working practices in the past 10 years? Technology is making communication easier in today’s world, but at the expense of personal contact as many people choose to work at home in front of a computer screen. What dangers are there for a society which depends on computer screens rather than face-to-face contact for its main means of communication? Will the Internet bring people of the world closer together? The first car appeared on British roads in 1888. By the year 2000 there may be as many as 29 million vehicles on British roads. Alternative forms of transport should be encouraged and international laws introduced to control car ownership and use. What do you think? The mass media, including TV, radio and newspapers, have great influence in shaping people’s ideas. To what extent do you agree or disagree this statement? Give reasons for your answer. Should retirement be compulsory at 65 years of age? Telecommuting’ refers to workers doing their jobs from home for part of each week and communicating with their office using computer technology. Telecommuting is growing in many countries and is expected to be common for most office workers in the coming decades. How do you think society will be affected by the growth of telecommuting? In some countries the average worker is obliged to retire at the age of 50, while in others people can work until they are 65 or 70. Until what age do you think people should be encouraged to remain in paid employment? Give reasons for your answer. To what extent should economic planning be influenced by the need of environmental conservation? Damage of the environment is an inevitable consequence of worldwide improvements in the standard of living. Discuss. The rising levels of congestion and air pollution found in most of the world cities can be attributed directly to the rapidly increasing number of private cars in use. In order to reverse this decline in the quality of life in cities, attempts must be made to encourage people to use their cars less and public transport more. Discuss possible ways to encourage the use of public transport. The threat of nuclear weapons maintains world peace. Nuclear power provides cheap and clean energy. The benefits of nuclear technology far outweigh the disadvantages. Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer. Education is the single most important factor in the development of a country. Do you agree? What are factors which are related to academic success in high-school students? Do the benefits of study abroad justify the difficulties? What advice would you offer to a prospective student? The idea of going overseas for university study is an exciting prospect for many people. But while it may offer some advantages, it is probably better to stay home because of the difficulties a student inevitably encounters living and studying in a different culture. To what extent do you agree or disagree this statement? Give reasons for your answer. Education is recognized as vital to the future of any society in today’s world. Governments throughout the world should make education compulsory for all children between the ages of 5 and 15. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? Foreign language instruction should begin in kindergarten. Discuss. Should sports classes be sacrificed in High School so students can concentrate on academic subjects?

Importance Of Marine Pollution - 1729 Words

The marine ecosystems are hugely critical for Earth and its living organisms which holds the plant that produces most of the oxygen on earth. Without oxygen many animals would not be able to breath or even exist. The marine ecosystems have been polluted vastly which is altering the marine population. Who is at fault for the pollution? The inhabitants of Earth. Fortunately for earth there are ways of preventing this form of pollution. The importance of the marine ecosystems and the effects of pollution. The marine ecosystems are located in the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and the Arctic oceans. The National Geographic provides information about different types of marine ecosystems. Some types of ecosystems include:salt marshes, lagoons,†¦show more content†¦This is also called global warming which also affects the marine pollution by causing ice sheets and glaciers to melt rising which also causes sea levels to rise to the point where coastal regions would flood. 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